Constitution 2: Fundamental Rights
Constitution 2: Fundamental Rights
While looking at the definition of citizen we have seen that a citizen is basically a person or resident who enjoys civil rights. These civil rights can also include human rights, political rights in a broad sense. Civil rights also have to be included in the fundamental rights enshrined in Chapter III of the Constitution of India, which is not only supremely sacred in view of the Union of India, but also the fundamental rights are the civil rights of Indian citizens. The basic rights which are generally protected by Indian citizens in the original Indian state constitution have been protected in the Indian state constitution. Their general analysis is as follows-
1. Right to Equality- This will also include the following aspects: the equal treatment of everyone before the law, prevents discrimination on various grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth, treats everybody as equals in matters of public employment, and abolishes untouchability, and titles.
2. Right to Liberty- This shall include the following: the right to speech and expression, assembly, association for a particular purpose, cohabitation or co-operation, movement, residence and to carry on any profession or occupation (some of these rights are subject to regulations relating to the security of the country, friendly relations with other foreign nations, public peace, order or law ) the right to life and liberty, the right to education, the right to be immune from punishment for crime and protection from arrest and detention.
3. Rights against Exploitation- Prohibition of all forms of exploitation, labour and human trafficking, prevention of child labour and human trafficking.
4. Right to religious freedom- This includes freedom of conscience and free preaching, practice and propagation of religion, freedom to manage religious activities, freedom from certain taxes, freedom from imparting religious instruction in certain educational institutions.
5. Cultural and Educational Rights- The right of any section of citizens to establish and manage educational institutions of their choice for the promotion of their culture, language and script.
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies- The right to constitutional remedies for the enforcement of fundamental rights has been included in many aspects of civil rights at the international level especially the United Nations Organization. Specifically, the fundamental rights given in the Virginia Declaration are as follows-
a. Equality
b. All rights, powers, penal or civil, shall be vested in the people alone
c. Internal and external right to protection
d. No post should be inherited
e. Judicial and legislative powers shall be independent
f. Right to electoral representation from the people for matters of common interest
g. Repeal of Bill, power to enforce
h. Right to be represented and cross-examined
i. Right to bail and not to severe or severe punishment
j. Right to warrantless seizure and search and non-seizure
k. Right to property
l. Right to Journalism
m. Power to monitor domestic military operations under pressure of civil law
n. Right of Union Government
o. Right to protection of fundamental rights of the people in principle
p. Religious Right
In addition, many matters have been mentioned in the Constitution of the United States or the United Nations. Many civil rights such as individual rights, citizenship rights, judicial rights, statutory rights, procedural rights have been analysed in it. A resident who enjoys these civil, human as well as fundamental rights in India is a citizen of India. Similarly, unless every citizen has a minimum knowledge of these basic rights, one cannot be called a citizen of India. You must have noticed this too. Information about fundamental rights cannot be the subject of such a short article. This is the subject of a full length volume book. For lack of space, it is necessary to stop at just touching this subject. But, I think an Indian like me who has studied 20 marks of civics in his entire academic career needs to know more about civil rights. If I continue this injustice done to us by our education system, there should be no disturbance in your usual peaceful sleep. Like you, 20 marks of civics is enough for me. Realising that our sleep is more important than this education, this article takes up here. However, if any innocent citizens are disturbed due to the retraction of this article, let us know your opinion about whether retraction of the article is right or wrong.
Jeet
Advocate Ranjitsinh Ghatge 🦅
9823044282 / 8554972433 / 9049862433
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